PSLV

light	Variant	Launch date/time (UTC)	Launch pad	Payload	Payload mass	Result	Note(s)
D1	PSLV	20 September 1993[8]	Sriharikota FLP*	IRS 1E	846 kg	Failure	This was the first developmental flight of the PSLV.[8] The IRS-1E satellite which was proposed to be launched was derived from the engineering model of IRS-1A incorporating a similar camera and an additional German-built Monocular Electro-Optical Stereo Scanner. Upon launch, there was an unexpected large disturbance at the second stage separation which resulted in a sub-orbital flight of the vehicle. Further, one of the retro rockets designed to pull the burnt second stage away from the third stage failed. Even though the rocket could have continued its flight at this point, the control software caused an error in the pitch control loop of the on-board guidance and control processor causing the launch vehicle to crash in to the Bay of Bengal 700 seconds after take off. Even though the mission was a failure, the launch team and an expert committee appointed thereafter noted that the mission had validated many technologies and that most sub-systems had performed optimally.[9][10]
D2	PSLV	15 October 1994[11]	Sriharikota FLP*	IRS P2	804 kg	Success	The second development flight of the PSLV was successful after the lauch vehicle injected the 804 kg remote sensing satellite, IRS-P2, into a near polar sun-synchronous orbit at 820 km, 17 minutes after the launch. With the successful launch, India became the sixth country in the world to launch satellite in low-Earth orbit. The satellite was controlled by ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bangalore, Lucknow andMauritius. The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad received the first signal from IRS-P2 98 minutes after the launch. The IRS-P2 was declared operational from November 7, 1994 after certain orbital manoeuvres and continued to be operational for three years until 1997.[9][10]
D3	PSLV	21 March 1996[12]	Sriharikota FLP*	IRS P3	920 kg	Success	On its third developmental test flight, the PSLV placed the 922 kg IRS-P3 satellite in the intended 817 km polar orbit. The IRS-P3 satellite contained an X-ray astronomy payload, a C-band transponder and two remote sensing payloads: (i) a Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) similar to that of IRS-1C, with an additional Short Wave Infrared Band (SWIR) and (ii) a Modular Opto-electronic Scanner (MOS), which was provided by DLR (Germany) in the framework of a cooperative agreement between ISRO and DLR.[12][13] The sensor was designed for vegetation dynamic studies while MOS was designed for ocean remote sensing.[14][15] There was no data recording device on board of the IRS-P3 and data was transmitted in real time to the ground stations in Hyderabad (India) and Neustrelitz (Germany).[16] The mission was completed during January 2006 after serving for 9 years and 10 months.[12] With the consecutive successful launches of the PSLV, it was decided not to plan any more ASLV missions.[9]
C1	PSLV	29 September 1997[17]	Sriharikota FLP*	IRS 1D	1,250 kg	Partial failure	After three developmental test flights, this was the PSLV's first operational flight, where it successfully placed the 1200 kg remote sensing satellite, IRS-1D, into a polar orbit. However, it did not place the satellite in the desired circular orbit of 817 km, but in an elliptical orbit due to a leak of helium gas from one of the components in the fourth stage.[18][19] This required certain orbit adjustments to be executed, thereby raising the perigee to 737 km, while the apogee remained at 821 km.[10] The launch was witnessed by Prime Minister I.K. Gujral and also marked India's first launch vehicle built without Russian assistance.[18][20] The mission was completed during January 2010 after serving for 12 years and 3 months.[17]
C2	PSLV	26 May 1999[21]	Sriharikota FLP*	OceanSat 1  DLR-Tubsat  KitSat 3	1,050 kg 107 kg 45 kg	Success	PSLV's successful second operational launch was notable as it was its first commercial launch and also as it was for the first time an Indian launch vehicle carried multiple satellites.[21][22] The payload consisted of the 1036 kg IRS-P4 (or OCEANSAT-1) remote sensing satellite as the primary payload and two auxiliary payloads - the South Korean KITSAT-3 weighing about 107 kg and the DLR-TUBSAT weighing 45 kg developed by the Technical University of Berlin (TUB) and DLR. In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by KITSAT-3 and DLR-TUBSAT in that order.[21]The mission was supported by ISTRAC network of ground stations lcoated atBangalore, Sriharikota, Lucknow, Mauritius, Bearslake, Russia and Biak, Indonesia. During the initial phase of the mission the ground station at Wilhem in Germany also provided network support. Upon injection of the satellites, data from the IRS-P4 was received at Hyderabad while KITSAT-3 data was received at the ground station in Korea and the data from the TUBSAT was received at the university ground station in Berlin.[22][23]
C3	PSLV	22 October 2001[24]	Sriharikota FLP*	TES  Proba  BIRD	1,108 kg 94 kg 92 kg	Success	Following the PSLV C2, the PSLV C3 also successfully placed three satellites in orbit - TES (Technology Experiment Satellite) of India weighing 1108 kg, PROBA (PRoject for On Board Autonomy) of Belgium weighing 94 kg and the BIRD (Bispectral and Infrared Remote Detection) of Germany weighing 92 kg. While TES and BIRD were placed in a 568 km sun-synchronous orbit, PROBA, was placed in an elliptical orbit. The National Security Adviser, Brajesh Mishra was present at the at the Mission Control Centre at Sriharikota during the launch.[25] With the launch, India became only the second country after the United States of America can offer images with one-metre resolution. Because of the high resolution, the TES was speculated as a spy satellite.[26] In response, the ISRO chairman Dr Kasturirangan remarked that a satellite of one-metre resolution can have various utilities and that it was up to the user to decide.[27]
C4	PSLV	12 September 2002[28]	Sriharikota FLP*	METSAT 1 (Kalpana 1)	1,060 kg	Success	The PSLV C4 was India's first launch to place a satellite, the 1060 kg METSAT, into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. Compared to the earlier PSLV launches, the flight path of PSLV C4 was modified to inject the METSAT into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit having a perigee 250 km and an apogee of 36,000 km.[28] The METSAT was meant exclusively for meteorological purposes as distinct from the three-in-one multi-purposeINSAT satellites that have been used for meteorology, telecommunications and broadcasting.[29] Subsequently, on February 5, 2003 the METSAT was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in memory of Kalpana Chawla - a NASA astronaut of Indian origin who perished in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
C5	PSLV	17 October 2003[30]	Sriharikota FLP*	ResourceSat 1	1,360 kg	Success	The PSLV C5 was the eighth PSLV launch and its payload capability had been progressively increased by more than 600 kg since the first PSLV launch in 1993.[30] The launch took place despite heavy rain which commenced half an hour before the scheduled launch. However, ISRO decided to go ahead with the launch as despite rain, there were no strong winds and there were weather reports suggested that the monsoons would set in by the next day.[31][32] Following the launch, a press statement released by the Minister of State (Space) announced that the PSLV has been proposed for the Chandrayan 1 moon mission. The satellite, India's heaviest earth observation satellite, had three cameras with vastly improved spatial resolutions and had a mission life of five years.
C6	PSLV	5 May 2005[33]	Sriharikota SLP**	CartoSat 1  HAMSAT	1560 kg 42.5 kg	Success	The 1560 kg Indian remote sensing satellite, CARTOSAT-1 and the 42.5 kgHAMSAT were injected successfully into a 632 x 621 km high polar orbit by the PSLV C6. The President, Dr. Abdul Kalam, witnessed the launch from the Mission Control Centre.[34] This was also the first launch from the Second Launch Pad at Sriharikota, which was inaugurated on the immediately preceding day and had the integrate-transfer-and-launch technology. After its integration in the Vehicle Assembly Building, the PSLV-C6 was transported on rails to the Umbilical Tower (UT) located one km away using the Mobile Launch Pedestal where the final operations were carried out.[34] In addition to India's eleventh remote sensing satellite, the CARTOSAT-1, the launch also included the HAMSAT micro-satellite for providing satellite based amateur radio services to amateur radio Operators in the South Asia region.
C7	PSLV	10 January 2007[35]	Sriharikota FLP*	CartoSat 2  SRE  LAPAN-TUBsat  PEHUENSAT-1	680 kg 500 kg 56 kg 6 kg>	Success	On January 10, 2007, the PSLV C7 successfully launched four satellites: India's CARTOSAT-2 and Space capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1), Indonesia's LAPAN-TUBsat and Argentina's PEHUENSAT-1 into a 635 km high polar orbit. For the first time, a Dual Launch Adopter (DLA) was used in the PSLV to accommodate two primary satellites at the same time. In addition to the DLA, other key differences from the PSLV C6 included the reduction of propellant from 2.5 tonne to 2 tonne in the fourth liquid propellant stage, incorporation of a video imaging system to capture payload and DLA separation events, altitude based Day of Launch wind biased steering programme during Open Loop Guidance and the removal of Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC) system for one of the strapons ignited in the air.[36][37] The SRE-1 module remained in orbit for 12 days before re-entering the Earth's atmosphere and splashing down into the Bay of Bengalat 04:16 GMT on January 22, 2007. The re-capture of the SRE-1 module made India the fourth country to do so after the United States of America,Russia and China.[38]
C8	PSLV-CA	23 April 2007[39]	Sriharikota SLP**	AGILE  AAM	352 kg 185 kg	Success	First flight of the 'Core-Alone' version. ISRO's first exclusively commercial launch.[40]
C10	PSLV-CA	21 January 2008[41]	Sriharikota FLP*	TECSAR	295 kg	Success	An Israeli reconnaissance satellite.[42]
C9	PSLV-CA	28 April 2008[43][44]	Sriharikota SLP**	Cartosat-2A  IMS-1/TWSAT  RUBIN-8  CanX-6/NTS  CanX-2  Cute-1.7+APD II  Delfi-C3  SEEDS-2  COMPASS-1  AAUSAT-II	690 kg 83 kg 8 kg 6.5 kg 3.5 kg 3 kg 2.2 kg 1 kg 1 kg 0.75 kg	Success
C11	PSLV-XL	22 October 2008[45]	Sriharikota SLP**	Chandrayaan I	1,380 kg	Success	First flight of the PSLV-XL version. India's first mission to the Moon.[46]
C12	PSLV-CA	20 April 2009[47]	Sriharikota SLP**	RISAT-2  ANUSAT	300 kg 40 kg	Success	India's first all weather observation spy satellite.[48] ANUSAT is the first satellite built by an Indian University.
C14	PSLV-CA	23 September 2009[49]	Sriharikota FLP*	Oceansat-2  Rubin 9.1  Rubin 9.2  SwissCube-1  BeeSat  UWE-2  ITUpSAT1	960 kg 8 kg 8 kg 1 kg> 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg	Success	Rubin 9.1 and 9.2 were non-separable payloads,[50] orbited attached to the vehicle's fourth stage.[51][52] SwissCube-1[53] and ITUpSAT1[54] are Switzerland's and Turkey's first home-grown satellites launched into space.
C15	PSLV-CA	July 12, 2010[55]	Sriharikota FLP*	Cartosat-2B  ALSAT-2A  AISSat-1[56]  TIsat-1[57][58]  STUDSAT	690 kg[59] 117 kg[59] 6.5 kg[59] 1 kg	Success	Main satellite Cartosat-2B and Algeria's ALSAT-2A along with AISSat-1, TIsat-1, and StudSat. TIsat-1 is the second ever Swiss satellite launched into Space. AISSat-1 and TIsat are part of NLS-6.[60][61]
C16	PSLV	20 April 2011[62]	Sriharikota	ResourceSat-2  X-Sat  YouthSat	1206 kg 106 kg 92 kg	Success	In the current flight, the standard version, with six solid strap-on booster motors strung around the first stage, was used.[62]
C17	PSLV-XL	15 July 2011[63]	Sriharikota SLP**	GSAT-12	1410 kg	Success	Indigenously developed flight computer 'Vikram' used for the first time.[64]
C18	PSLV-CA	12 October 2011 11:00:00 IST[65]	Sriharikota	Megha-Tropiques  SRMSAT  Jugnu  VesselSat-1	1000 kg 10.9 kg 3 kg 28.7 kg[66]	Success	The Megha-Tropiques satellite for climate research launched along with three micro-satellites: the SRMSAT built by the SRM University, Chennai, the remote sensing satellite Jugnu from the Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur and the VesselSat-1 of Luxembourg to locate ships on high seas.[67][68]
C19	PSLV-XL	26 April 2012[69]	Sriharikota	RISAT-1	1850 kg	Success	Radar Imaging Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) is a state of the art Microwave Remote Sensing Satellite carrying a synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload operating in C-band (5.35 GHz), which enables imaging of the earth surface features during both day and night under all weather conditions.
C21	PSLV-CA	9 September 2012[69]	Sriharikota	SPOT-6 (France)  PROITERES	720 kg 15 kg	Success	First fully commercially launch by ISRO, 100th space mission of ISRO[70] , Launch attended by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh[71]. French remote sensing satellite SPOT-6(built by EADS Astrium) and Japanese microsat PROITERES (built by Osaka Institute of Technology) placed in orbit. SPOT-6 carries 2 × NAOMI (Pan: 2 m, MS: 8 m ) Pushbroom imagers and will offer 2 meter resolution data in a 60 kilometer by 60 kilometer swath. PROITERES features an electric propulsion rocket engine and aims to demonstrate powered-flight technology for an ultra-small satellite and monitor the Kansai region with a high-resolution camera.[72]
Planned launches
C20	PSLV-CA	October 2012	Sriharikota	SARAL  Sapphire  NEOSSat  CanX 3A(UniBRITE)  CanX 3B(TUGsat1)  Max Valier  AAUSAT3			Planned